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Subprogram C3: Ground Level Ozone  
Critical Levels for Ozone  
The goal is to develop a scientific basis for effect-based concepts and criteria to assess ozone effects to vegetation, to be used in the preparation of the next generation of transboundary air pollution strategies in Europe. Quantification of ozone effects on vegetation is moving from a so-called Level I perspective to a Level II perspective.

This means that the step is taken from a general risk assessment, which does not account for most dose- and response-modifying factors, to the inclusion of these factors with the aim of quantifying actual growth or yield loss or other effects due to ozone. The influence of the Nordic climate and ozone load will be in the focus of all activities. The work is divided in two parts: crops and forest trees.

Important contributions from ASTA to the European work with critical levels for ozone are:

· Flux-based crop loss assessment methodology.

· Short-term critical levels based on clover data.

· Flux-response relationships for spruce and birch.

Håkan Pleijel
hakan.pleijel@miljo.gu.se